primolut n tablet uses

primolut n گولی کا استعمال

Written by Dr. Hiba Yousuf Mughal [PharmD, DOW University Of Health Sciences (DUHS)], Karachi, Pakistan.

Brand name:

PRIMOLUT N ® 5 mg tablets

Generic name:

Norethisterone.

Available dosage forms and their doses:

Tablets

Price:

Rs. 380 per box

Therapeutic class:

synthetic hormone (chemical messenger) that mimics progesterone

Pharmacological class:

Progesterone Receptor agonist

Manufacturer:

OBS Pharmaceutical

Storage:

Store in the original packaging to protect from light.

Prescription drug:

Prescription Only Medicine

Clinical pharmacology (mechanism of action):

Norethisterone is a strong progestogen with negligible androgenic effects. Complete transformation of the endometrium from a proliferative to a secretory state can be achieved in oestrogen-primed women with orally administered doses of 100 - 150 mg norethisterone per cycle. The progestogenic effects of norethisterone on the endometrium are the basis of the treatment of dysfunctional bleeding, and endometriosis with PRIMOLUT N.

Gonadotropin secretion inhibition and anovulation can be achieved with a daily intake of 0.5 mg of norethisterone. Positive effects of PRIMOLUT Nnon premenstrual symptoms can be traced back to suppression of ovarian function. Due to the stabilising effects of norethisterone on the endometrium, administration of PRIMOLUT N can be used to shift the timing of menstruation. Like progesterone, the thermogenic action of norethisterone alters the basal body temperature.

Indications and dosages:

• Dysfunctional bleeding

• premenstrual syndrome

• cyclical mastopathy

• timing of menstruation

• endometriosis

• menorrhagia.

Dose:

The dose is 1 tablet of Primolut N three times daily, starting 3 days before the expected onset of menstruation and continuing for not longer than 10 to 14 days.

Side effects:

• Immune system disorders: Hypersensitivity reactions

• Nervous system disorders: Headache Migraine

• Eye disorders: Visual disturbances

• Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Dyspnoea

• Gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea

• Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Urticaria, Rash

• Reproductive system and breast disorders: Uterine/Vaginal bleeding including Spotting, Hypomenorrhoea, Amenorrhoea

• General disorders at administration site conditions: Oedema.

Interactions:

Interactions have been reported for combined oral contraceptives.

Pregnancy:

The use of PRIMOLUT N during pregnancy is contraindicated. Pregnancy (Category

D): “Medicines which have caused, are suspected to have caused, or may be expected to

cause, an increased incidence of human foetal malformations or irreversible damage. These

medicines may also have adverse pharmacological effects.”

Lactation:

PRIMOLUT N should not be used during lactation

Precautions:

If any of the conditions/risk factors mentioned below is present or deteriorates,

an individual risk-benefit analysis should be done before PRIMOLUT N is started or continued.

This includes:

• venous thromboembolism (VTE)

• malignant liver tumours, diabetes

• Chloasma may occasionally occur, especially in women with a history of chloasma gravidarum.

Counselling points:

A normal period should occur 2-3 days after the patient has stopped taking tablets.

calan tablet

کیلن گولی

Written by Dr. Nabeera [PharmD, DOW University Of Health Sciences (DUHS)], Karachi, Pakistan.

Brand name:

Calan

Generic name:

Verapamil HCl

Available dosage forms and their doses:

Available in tablet form in 40 mg and 80 mg doses.

Price:

• 40 mg 1 bottle, which contains 50 tablets, price is Rs. 172.5

• 80 mg tablet box

• 240 mg tablet box (calan SR)

Therapeutic class:

Calcium channel blocker (non-dihydropyridine)

Pharmacological class:

L-type calcium channel blocker in the heart and blood vessels.

Manufacturer:

The Searle Company Ltd

Storage:

• To be stored below 30 degrees Celsius.

• Protect from light, moisture, and heat.

• Keep out of children’s reach.

Prescription drug?

Yes

Mechanism of action:

Inhibition of calcium ion influx through channels into conductive and contractile myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells.

Indications and dosages:

• Hypertension (mild to moderate)

• Renal hypertension

• Management and prophylaxis of Angina Pectoris

• Treatment and management of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

• To reduce the ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation/flutter

For Hypertension:

Initially, 120 mg two times a day, increasing to 160 mg two times a day (if necessary). For

some cases, up to 480 mg daily divided dose is also used.

For Angina:

120 mg three times a day. If patients have angina of effort, then an 80 mg dose three times a day can also be sufficient. For variant angina, less than 120 mg three times a day may not be effective.

Supraventricular tachycardia:

40-120 mg three times a day.

Pediatric population:

Up to 2 years: 20 mg two to three times a day.

Above 2 years: 40-120 mg two to three times a day.

Elderly: -

The above-recommended dose, unless they have renal or liver function impairment.

Side effects:

• Immune system disorders: allergic reactions

• Nervous system disorders: headache, dizziness, paraesthesia, tremor,

extrapyramidal syndrome, dystonia

• Ear and labyrinth disorders: vertigo, tinnitus

• Cardiac disorders: bradycardic, arrhythmias, 2nd, and 3rd-degree AV block,

palpitations, tachycardia, development of heart failure, hypotension

• Vascular disorders: flushing, peripheral edema

• GI disorders: nausea, vomiting, constipation, ileus, abdominal pain

• Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: alopecia, ankle edema, Quincke’s

edema, Steven-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, erythromelalgia,

purpura

• Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorder: muscle weakness, myalgia and

arthralgia

• Reproductive system and breast disorder: erectile dysfunction, gynaecomastia

• General disorder: Fatigue

Interactions:

• Alcohol

• Acetyl salicylic acid

• Alpha-blockers (Prazosin and Terazosin)

• Antiarrhythmics (Flecainide, Quinidine,

• Anticonvulsants (Carbamazepine and Phenytoin)

• Antidepressants (Imipramine)

• Antidiabetics (Glibenclamide)

• Antihypertensives, diuretics, and vasodilators

• Anti-infectives (Rifampicin, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Telithromycin)

• Antineoplastics (Doxorubicin)

• Barbiturates (Phenobarbital)

• Benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics (Buspirone and Midazolam)

• Beta-blockers (Metoprolol and Propranolol)

• Cardiac glycoside (Digitoxin and Digoxin)

• Colchicine

• H2 receptor antagonist (Cimetidine)

• HIV antiviral agents (Ritonavir)

• Immunosuppressants (Ciclosporin, Everolimus, Sirolimus, and Tacrolimus)

• Inhaled anesthetics

• Lipid-lowering agents (Atorvastatin, Simvastatin and Lovastatin)

• Lithium

• Metformin

• Neuromuscular blocking agents

• Serotonin receptor agonists (Almotriptan)

• Theophylline

• Uricosurics (Sulfinpyrazone)

• Anticoagulants (Dabigatran etexilate)

• Other cardiac therapy (Ivabradine)

• Others (St. John’s Wort and Grapefruit)

Pregnancy:

Avoid in the first trimester, unless essential.

Lactation:

Only use if essential, otherwise, avoid.

Precautions:

• For patients with liver disease, careful dose titration is recommended.

• For renal impairment patients, monitoring should be done.

• For patients with bradycardia or first-degree AV block, it should be used with

caution.

• For patients with incipient cardiac failure, Verapamil should be given only after

controlling cardiac failure.

• For hypertension treatment, the blood pressure should be monitored at regular

intervals.

• For patients taking HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, caution should be exercised.

Start with the lowest possible dose.

• For patients with neuromuscular transmission diseases, caution should be

exercised.

rapicort syrup uses

ریپکورٹ سیرپ کا استعمال

Written by Dr. Khadija Hamza [PharmD, DOW University Of Health Sciences (DUHS)], Karachi, Pakistan.

BRAND NAME :

RAPICORT

GENERIC :

Prednisolone

AVAILABLE DOSAGE FORM :

• Tablet

• Syrup

PRICE :

218.66 rs

DOSES :

• The initial dose is 5 to 60 mg/day in 2 to 4 divided doses

• Maximum dose is 80mg daily

• The dose may be adjusted according to the patient's condition

MANUFACTURER :

Tabros Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd

THERAPEUTIC CLASS :

Steroids

PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASS :

Corticosteroids

PACK SIZE :

• 1 pack = 10 strips

• 1 strip = 10 tablets

STORAGE :

• Store at room temp.

• Keep away from children, heat, sunlight, moisture, etc.

PRESCRIPTION DRUG :

Yes

MECHANISM OF ACTION :

•  Binds to glucocorticoid receptors, inhibitory pro-inflammatory signals & and promoting anti-inflammatory signals.

• Short duration of action.

• Half life is 2 to 3 hrs.

• Wide therapeutic window

• Lower doses provide anti-inflammatory effects whereas higher doses are immuno-suppressive

INDICATION :

• It is indicated as an anti-inflammatory and; immunosuppressive drug for allergies, renal, infectious, and respiratory conditions as well as organ transplants.

•  Use to treat inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, lupus & psoriasis

• Use to treat allergic reactions

• In COPD, reduces inflammation and; improves breathing.

SIDE EFFECT :

• Weight gain

• Vertigo

• headache

• Blood clotting

• Dizzines

• Shortness of breath

• Acne

• Stomach ulcer

• Cataract

INTERACTION :

DRUG INTERACTION :

• Blood thinners

• accines

• Antifungal

• NSAIDS

• Diabetic medicines

• Cyclosporines

DISEASE INTERACTION :

• Diabetis

• Liver disease

• Infection

• High Blood pressure

• Ulcer

FOOD INTERACTION :

• Avoid alcohol

PREGNANCY and LACTATION :

Pregnant; and lactating women should avoid consuming rapicort.

PRECAUTION :

• Steroids slow the normal growth of children’s

• Do not take rapicort if u are allergic to prednisolone or suffering from any kind of

        infection.

COUNSELING POINTS :

• Take as per the doctor's prescription

• Administer through mouth with a glass of water.

• Take the tablet at the scheduled time to get benefits.